Introduction
Cumberland County vs. Maine
Cumberland County:
2021 TPI = $22,578,454K
2021 Percent of State = 28.13%
Maine:
2021 TPI = $80,254,426K
2021 Percent of U.S. = 0.38%
The annual total personal incomes (TPI) estimates compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, (BEA) are among the most comprehensive, consistent, comparable and timely measures of economic activity available statewide and at the national levels. Personal income estimates are also the best available local level indicator of general purchasing power, and are therefore central to tracking and comparing county patterns of economic growth and change.
The following graphs highlight trends in the pattern of growth and change in the total personal income of Cumberland County and Maine with comparison to the nation. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 2012 constant dollar (real) estimates of total personal income reported in the tables and portrayed graphically below are determined using the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption.
Data Definition:
Personal income is the income received by persons from participation in production, plus transfer receipts from government and business, plus government interest (which is treated like a transfer receipt). It is defined as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. Because the personal income of an area represents the income that is received by, or on behalf of, all the persons who live in that area, and because the estimates of some components of personal income (wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, and contributions for government social insurance) are made on a place-of-work basis, state personal income includes an adjustment for residence. The residence adjustment represents the net flow of compensation (less contributions for government social insurance) of interstate commuters.
Page 2 of 13
Cumberland County Total Personal Income, 1970-2021
Current vs. Constant Dollars (Millions)
Cumberland County Total Personal Income, 1970-2021
Current vs. Constant Dollars (Millions)
Figure 1.
Figure 1 depicts Cumberland County's annual total personal income over 1970-2021 in current and constant (2012) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of Cumberland County over time.
When measured in current dollars, Cumberland County's total personal income increased 2,730.22%, from $798M in 1970 to $22,578M in 2021. When measured in constant 2012 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 411.84%, from $3,815M in 1970 to $19,528M in 2021.
Page 3 of 13
Real Total Personal Income, 1969-2021 (Millions)
Real Total Personal Income, 1969-2021 (Millions)
Figure 2.
Figure 2 traces Cumberland County's and Maine's annual real total personal income for the period 1969-2021 to illustrate real total personal income patterns over time. During this 53-year period, Cumberland County's real total personal income rose from $3,665M in 1969 to $19,528M in 2021, for a net gain of $15,863M, or 432.81%. In comparison, Maine's real total personal income increased from $16,199M in 1969 to $69,412M in 2021, for a net gain of $53,212M, or 328.49%.
Page 4 of 13
Real Total Personal Income Indices (1969=100): 1969-2021
Real Total Personal Income Indices (1969=100): 1969-2021
Figure 3.
Figure 3 shows Cumberland County's real total personal income growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Maine, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real total personal income in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the real total personal incomes in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real total personal income growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
Cumberland County's overall real total personal income growth was 432.81% over 1969-2021 outpaced Maine's increase of 328.49%, and topped the United States' increase of 364.86%.
Page 5 of 13
Total Personal Income as a Percent of the Maine Total: 1969-2021
Total Personal Income as a Percent of the Maine Total: 1969-2021
Figure 4.
Another interesting and insightful way of comparing the total personal income growth of Cumberland County is to compare its individual percentage contributions to Maine's statewide total personal income over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's total personal income grew faster, or declined less, than Maine's total personal income, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly.
In 1969, Cumberland County's total personal income comprised 22.63% of Maine's total personal income, while in 2021 it comprised 28.13% thereby yielding a +5.51% share-shift.
   
 
Total Personal Income Share-Shift
2021 vs. 1969
 
Share-
Shift*
 
2021
vs.
1969
+5.51%
=
28.13%
-
22.63%
 
   
Page 6 of 13
Cumberland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2021
Cumberland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2021
Figure 5.
Figure 5 highlights the short-run pattern of Cumberland County's real total personal income growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2021. The average annual percent change for the entire 52-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, Cumberland County's real total personal income grew at an annual rate of 3.30% over 1970-2021. The county recorded its highest growth in 1984 (8.04%) and recorded its lowest growth in 1991 (-2.19%). In 2021, Cumberland County's real total personal income grew by 2.78%
Page 7 of 13
Cumberland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2021
Cumberland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2021
Figure 6.
Over the past five decades some counties have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again shows the annual percent change in Cumberland County's real total personal income since 1970, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2021.
During the 1970s, Cumberland County's annual real total personal income growth rate averaged 3.32%. It averaged 5.08% during the 1980s, 2.89% throughout the 1990s, 1.97% during the 2000s, 2.92% throughout the 2010s, 4.81% thus far this decade (2020-2021).
Page 8 of 13
Real Total Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Real Total Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 7.
Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for Cumberland County noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Maine and the nation. As the chart reveals, Cumberland County's average annual real total personal income growth amounted to less than Maine's average during the 1970s (3.32% vs. 3.65%), exceeded Maine's average throughout the 1980s (5.08% vs. 4.16%), surpassed Maine's average throughout the 1990s (2.89% vs. 2.16%), posted below Maine's average in the 2000s (1.97% vs. 2.06%), surpassed Maine's average during the 2010s (2.92% vs. 1.79%), and recorded under Maine's average over the 2 year period of the current decade, 2020-2021 (4.81% vs. 5.29%).
Finally, relative to nationwide real total personal income growth trends, Cumberland County recorded underneath the nation throughout the 1970s (3.32% vs. 3.50%), exceeded the nation over the 1980s (5.08% vs. 3.17%), recorded underneath the nation throughout the 1990s (2.89% vs. 3.30%), lagged the nation during the 2000s (1.97% vs. 2.04%), registered above the nation throughout the 2010s (2.92% vs. 2.79%), and recorded above the nation over 2020-2021 (4.81% vs. 4.39%).
   
 
Real* Total Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
3.30
3.32
5.08
2.89
1.97
2.92
4.81
2.78
 
2.86
3.65
4.16
2.16
2.06
1.79
5.29
3.13
 
3.02
3.50
3.17
3.30
2.04
2.79
4.39
3.29
 
   
Page 9 of 13

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Cumberland County:
Total Personal Income, 1969-2021
 
1969
 
732,141
0.200
3,665,103
100.0
N
22.63
1970
 
797,762
0.209
3,815,218
104.1
4.10
22.43
1971
 
861,974
0.218
3,954,372
107.9
3.65
22.55
1972
 
955,512
0.225
4,238,808
115.7
7.19
22.82
1973
 
1,042,308
0.238
4,387,557
119.7
3.51
22.15
1974
 
1,140,508
0.262
4,348,271
118.6
-0.90
21.81
1975
 
1,256,075
0.284
4,420,465
120.6
1.66
22.22
1976
 
1,402,737
0.300
4,679,846
127.7
5.87
21.76
1977
 
1,529,377
0.319
4,790,831
130.7
2.37
21.82
1978
 
1,703,563
0.341
4,989,202
136.1
4.14
22.01
1979
 
1,885,449
0.372
5,071,411
138.4
1.65
21.95
1980
 
2,112,952
0.412
5,130,766
140.0
1.17
21.89
1981
 
2,356,411
0.449
5,251,523
143.3
2.35
22.12
1982
 
2,594,726
0.474
5,478,382
149.5
4.32
22.41
1983
 
2,806,519
0.494
5,683,744
155.1
3.75
22.50
1984
 
3,146,812
0.512
6,140,960
167.6
8.04
22.82
1985
 
3,457,341
0.530
6,519,472
177.9
6.16
23.21
1986
 
3,814,722
0.542
7,040,311
192.1
7.99
23.66
1987
 
4,167,120
0.559
7,460,603
203.6
5.97
23.82
1988
 
4,637,824
0.580
7,991,013
218.0
7.11
24.06
1989
 
5,028,325
0.606
8,301,402
226.5
3.88
23.93
1990
 
5,308,965
0.632
8,396,143
229.1
1.14
24.27
1991
 
5,366,377
0.653
8,212,376
224.1
-2.19
24.12
1992
 
5,613,096
0.671
8,366,891
228.3
1.88
24.06
1993
 
5,852,266
0.688
8,511,396
232.2
1.73
24.29
1994
 
6,160,853
0.702
8,777,019
239.5
3.12
24.56
1995
 
6,510,889
0.717
9,084,412
247.9
3.50
24.87
1996
 
6,932,134
0.732
9,469,611
258.4
4.24
25.07
1997
 
7,410,094
0.745
9,949,373
271.5
5.07
25.40
1998
 
7,998,429
0.751
10,654,628
290.7
7.09
25.61
1999
 
8,387,749
0.762
11,012,747
300.5
3.36
25.68
2000
 
8,958,029
0.781
11,471,416
313.0
4.16
25.52
2001
 
9,448,742
0.797
11,861,934
323.6
3.40
25.50
2002
 
9,675,465
0.807
11,989,127
327.1
1.07
25.25
2003
 
10,278,885
0.824
12,474,678
340.4
4.05
25.54
2004
 
10,928,876
0.844
12,942,311
353.1
3.75
25.83
2005
 
11,164,390
0.869
12,850,948
350.6
-0.71
25.71
2006
 
11,954,498
0.893
13,383,599
365.2
4.14
26.22
2007
 
12,378,832
0.916
13,511,944
368.7
0.96
26.14
2008
 
12,875,060
0.943
13,649,679
372.4
1.02
26.04
2009
 
12,567,167
0.941
13,360,514
364.5
-2.12
25.44
2010
 
13,025,107
0.957
13,603,671
371.2
1.82
25.74
2011
 
13,733,502
0.982
13,989,510
381.7
2.84
26.02
2012
 
14,175,898
1.000
14,175,898
386.8
1.33
26.36
2013
 
14,170,385
1.014
13,981,081
381.5
-1.37
26.37
2014
 
14,928,068
1.029
14,509,188
395.9
3.78
26.72
2015
 
15,759,410
1.031
15,283,186
417.0
5.33
27.02
2016
 
16,451,290
1.041
15,796,069
431.0
3.36
27.44
2017
 
17,358,610
1.061
16,367,709
446.6
3.62
27.83
2018
 
18,239,333
1.083
16,838,846
459.4
2.88
28.05
2019
 
19,550,389
1.099
17,783,913
485.2
5.61
28.39
2020
 
21,117,744
1.111
19,000,175
518.4
6.84
28.23
2021
 
22,578,454
1.156
19,527,987
532.8
2.78
28.13
Source: Calculations by the Maine Regional Economic Analysis Project (ME-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2022
REAP_PI_CA1400_300_PSN
 
   
Page 10 of 13

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Maine:
Total Personal Income, 1969-2021
 
1969
 
3,235,956
0.200
16,199,219
100.0
N
0.41
1970
 
3,557,067
0.209
17,011,320
105.0
5.01
0.42
1971
 
3,822,683
0.218
17,536,852
108.3
3.09
0.41
1972
 
4,187,722
0.225
18,577,420
114.7
5.93
0.41
1973
 
4,706,690
0.238
19,812,637
122.3
6.65
0.42
1974
 
5,229,257
0.262
19,936,929
123.1
0.63
0.42
1975
 
5,652,308
0.284
19,891,987
122.8
-0.23
0.41
1976
 
6,446,973
0.300
21,508,551
132.8
8.13
0.43
1977
 
7,007,608
0.319
21,951,596
135.5
2.06
0.42
1978
 
7,740,514
0.341
22,669,539
139.9
3.27
0.42
1979
 
8,589,911
0.372
23,104,823
142.6
1.92
0.41
1980
 
9,653,484
0.412
23,441,028
144.7
1.46
0.42
1981
 
10,651,560
0.449
23,738,183
146.5
1.27
0.41
1982
 
11,580,973
0.474
24,451,519
150.9
3.01
0.42
1983
 
12,472,953
0.494
25,260,142
155.9
3.31
0.42
1984
 
13,786,735
0.512
26,904,621
166.1
6.51
0.42
1985
 
14,893,299
0.530
28,084,138
173.4
4.38
0.42
1986
 
16,123,204
0.542
29,756,393
183.7
5.95
0.43
1987
 
17,490,913
0.559
31,314,856
193.3
5.24
0.44
1988
 
19,277,248
0.580
33,214,873
205.0
6.07
0.45
1989
 
21,011,342
0.606
34,688,209
214.1
4.44
0.46
1990
 
21,870,390
0.632
34,588,082
213.5
-0.29
0.45
1991
 
22,249,656
0.653
34,049,516
210.2
-1.56
0.44
1992
 
23,324,829
0.671
34,768,031
214.6
2.11
0.43
1993
 
24,094,940
0.688
35,043,108
216.3
0.79
0.43
1994
 
25,085,736
0.702
35,738,230
220.6
1.98
0.42
1995
 
26,179,272
0.717
36,527,008
225.5
2.21
0.42
1996
 
27,653,140
0.732
37,775,449
233.2
3.42
0.41
1997
 
29,169,522
0.745
39,165,286
241.8
3.68
0.41
1998
 
31,232,562
0.751
41,604,585
256.8
6.23
0.41
1999
 
32,656,992
0.762
42,877,202
264.7
3.06
0.41
2000
 
35,107,378
0.781
44,957,585
277.5
4.85
0.41
2001
 
37,058,391
0.797
46,523,038
287.2
3.48
0.41
2002
 
38,323,541
0.807
47,487,721
293.1
2.07
0.42
2003
 
40,247,620
0.824
48,845,385
301.5
2.86
0.42
2004
 
42,315,564
0.844
50,111,393
309.3
2.59
0.42
2005
 
43,421,280
0.869
49,980,754
308.5
-0.26
0.41
2006
 
45,599,656
0.893
51,050,868
315.1
2.14
0.40
2007
 
47,357,327
0.916
51,692,238
319.1
1.26
0.39
2008
 
49,445,354
0.943
52,420,200
323.6
1.41
0.40
2009
 
49,402,953
0.941
52,521,691
324.2
0.19
0.41
2010
 
50,603,646
0.957
52,851,417
326.3
0.63
0.40
2011
 
52,789,038
0.982
53,773,085
331.9
1.74
0.40
2012
 
53,782,491
1.000
53,782,491
332.0
0.02
0.38
2013
 
53,742,001
1.014
53,024,055
327.3
-1.41
0.38
2014
 
55,863,585
1.029
54,296,058
335.2
2.40
0.37
2015
 
58,331,304
1.031
56,568,626
349.2
4.19
0.37
2016
 
59,959,246
1.041
57,571,193
355.4
1.77
0.37
2017
 
62,372,138
1.061
58,811,679
363.1
2.15
0.37
2018
 
65,015,131
1.083
60,023,017
370.5
2.06
0.37
2019
 
68,862,973
1.099
62,640,857
386.7
4.36
0.37
2020
 
74,805,899
1.111
67,304,781
415.5
7.45
0.38
2021
 
80,254,426
1.156
69,411,635
428.5
3.13
0.38
Source: Calculations by the Maine Regional Economic Analysis Project (ME-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2022
REAP_PI_CA1400_300_PSN
 
   
Page 11 of 13

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Total Personal Income, 1969-2021
 
1969
 
791,229,000
0.200
3,960,898,078
100.0
N
1970
 
855,525,000
0.209
4,091,463,415
103.3
3.30
1971
 
924,613,000
0.218
4,241,733,187
107.1
3.67
1972
 
1,016,408,000
0.225
4,508,952,178
113.8
6.30
1973
 
1,133,468,000
0.238
4,771,291,463
120.5
5.82
1974
 
1,244,912,000
0.262
4,746,318,960
119.8
-0.52
1975
 
1,362,505,000
0.284
4,795,020,236
121.1
1.03
1976
 
1,495,704,000
0.300
4,990,004,671
126.0
4.07
1977
 
1,651,632,000
0.319
5,173,799,455
130.6
3.68
1978
 
1,855,849,000
0.341
5,435,199,883
137.2
5.05
1979
 
2,073,257,000
0.372
5,576,569,477
140.8
2.60
1980
 
2,313,160,000
0.412
5,616,920,014
141.8
0.72
1981
 
2,592,915,000
0.449
5,778,598,650
145.9
2.88
1982
 
2,779,794,000
0.474
5,869,125,689
148.2
1.57
1983
 
2,968,676,000
0.494
6,012,143,060
151.8
2.44
1984
 
3,279,488,000
0.512
6,399,875,105
161.6
6.45
1985
 
3,510,471,000
0.530
6,619,658,313
167.1
3.43
1986
 
3,719,647,000
0.542
6,864,843,865
173.3
3.70
1987
 
3,946,593,000
0.559
7,065,782,831
178.4
2.93
1988
 
4,267,813,000
0.580
7,353,480,478
185.7
4.07
1989
 
4,609,667,000
0.606
7,610,227,498
192.1
3.49
1990
 
4,897,821,000
0.632
7,745,917,351
195.6
1.78
1991
 
5,067,291,000
0.653
7,754,672,890
195.8
0.11
1992
 
5,409,920,000
0.671
8,064,036,251
203.6
3.99
1993
 
5,648,732,000
0.688
8,215,381,483
207.4
1.88
1994
 
5,940,128,000
0.702
8,462,564,643
213.7
3.01
1995
 
6,286,143,000
0.717
8,770,831,996
221.4
3.64
1996
 
6,673,186,000
0.732
9,115,876,182
230.1
3.93
1997
 
7,086,935,000
0.745
9,515,474,368
240.2
4.38
1998
 
7,601,594,000
0.751
10,126,007,726
255.6
6.42
1999
 
8,006,585,000
0.762
10,512,295,835
265.4
3.81
2000
 
8,654,561,000
0.781
11,082,803,176
279.8
5.43
2001
 
9,009,842,000
0.797
11,310,939,540
285.6
2.06
2002
 
9,157,682,000
0.807
11,347,527,942
286.5
0.32
2003
 
9,491,393,000
0.824
11,518,960,412
290.8
1.51
2004
 
10,037,313,000
0.844
11,886,495,032
300.1
3.19
2005
 
10,599,603,000
0.869
12,200,841,429
308.0
2.64
2006
 
11,374,142,000
0.893
12,733,863,998
321.5
4.37
2007
 
12,014,107,000
0.916
13,113,833,039
331.1
2.98
2008
 
12,475,898,000
0.943
13,226,501,988
333.9
0.86
2009
 
12,073,407,000
0.941
12,835,583,977
324.1
-2.96
2010
 
12,586,509,000
0.957
13,145,590,985
331.9
2.42
2011
 
13,330,436,000
0.982
13,578,930,427
342.8
3.30
2012
 
14,003,346,000
1.000
14,003,346,000
353.5
3.13
2013
 
14,189,228,000
1.014
13,999,672,435
353.4
-0.03
2014
 
14,969,527,000
1.029
14,549,483,414
367.3
3.93
2015
 
15,681,233,000
1.031
15,207,371,310
383.9
4.52
2016
 
16,092,713,000
1.041
15,451,773,438
390.1
1.61
2017
 
16,837,337,000
1.061
15,876,192,317
400.8
2.75
2018
 
17,671,054,000
1.083
16,314,201,834
411.9
2.76
2019
 
18,575,467,000
1.099
16,897,080,040
426.6
3.57
2020
 
19,812,171,000
1.111
17,825,517,117
450.0
5.49
2021
 
21,288,709,000
1.156
18,412,493,405
464.9
3.29
Source: Calculations by the Maine Regional Economic Analysis Project (ME-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2022
REAP_PI_CA1400_300_PN
 
   
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